【英语中常见的介词有哪些】在英语学习过程中,介词是一个非常重要但又容易被忽视的语法部分。介词虽然不单独充当句子成分,但在句中起着连接名词、代词或动名词的作用,用来表达时间、地点、方向、方式等关系。掌握常见的介词有助于提高语言理解能力和写作水平。
以下是对英语中常见介词的总结,并附有简要说明和使用示例,方便学习者理解和记忆。
一、常见介词分类及用法
| 介词 | 用法说明 | 示例 |
| at | 表示具体时间点、小地点或特定位置 | at 8 o'clock, at the park, at the door |
| in | 表示在某段时间内、大地方或范围内 | in the morning, in China, in the box |
| on | 表示在某一天、某一天的某个时间、表面或之上 | on Monday, on July 1st, on the table |
| to | 表示方向、目标或“到……” | go to school, give a gift to me |
| from | 表示来源、起点或“从……” | come from Beijing, born from a family |
| by | 表示通过某种方式、截止时间或靠近 | by bus, by 5 PM, by the window |
| with | 表示伴随、工具或具有 | talk with a friend, write with a pen |
| about | 表示关于、大约、谈论 | talk about a topic, about 20 people |
| over | 表示在……上方、超过、覆盖 | over the mountain, over 100 students, over the table |
| under | 表示在……下方 | under the bed, under the water |
| between | 表示两者之间 | between you and me, between two buildings |
| among | 表示三者或以上之中 | among friends, among the students |
| before | 表示在……之前 | before lunch, before the meeting |
| after | 表示在……之后 | after dinner, after the movie |
| during | 表示在……期间 | during the class, during the holiday |
| through | 表示穿过、通过 | walk through the forest, through the window |
| until | 表示直到……为止 | wait until 6 PM, not until now |
| since | 表示自从……以来(通常用于现在完成时) | since 2020, since I left |
| as | 表示作为、当……时 | work as a teacher, as he said |
| like | 表示像……一样 | look like a cat, like chocolate |
二、介词使用注意事项
1. 固定搭配:许多动词后需要跟特定的介词,例如:
- depend on
- think of
- take care of
- look after
2. 介词与副词的区别:有些词既是介词又是副词,如 up, down, in, out 等,需根据上下文判断其功能。
3. 介词短语作状语:介词短语可以修饰动词、形容词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、原因等。
4. 避免混淆:如 affect 和 effect 的区别,前者是动词,后者是名词,但它们的介词搭配也不同。
三、结语
介词虽小,作用却不可忽视。熟练掌握常用介词的用法,不仅能提升语言准确性,还能让表达更加自然流畅。建议在日常学习中多注意介词的使用场景,并通过阅读和写作不断积累经验。


