【定语从句语法讲解】在英语学习中,定语从句是一个非常重要的语法知识点,它用于修饰名词或代词,使句子更加具体和清晰。定语从句通常由关系代词(如 who, whom, whose, which, that)或关系副词(如 when, where, why)引导。下面我们将对定语从句的基本结构、用法以及常见错误进行总结,并通过表格形式帮助大家更直观地理解。
一、定语从句的基本结构
定语从句由一个关系词引导,其作用是连接主句和从句,并在从句中充当一定的成分(如主语、宾语、定语等)。
基本结构:
主句 + 关系词 + 从句
例如:
- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
(我昨天买的那本书很有趣。)
二、关系代词与关系副词的用法
| 关系词 | 用法说明 | 例句 |
| who | 指人,作主语或宾语 | The man who is talking to Mary is my teacher. |
| whom | 指人,作宾语(常省略) | The girl whom you met yesterday is my sister. |
| whose | 表示所属关系 | The student whose book was lost is very upset. |
| which | 指物,作主语或宾语 | The car which is parked outside is mine. |
| that | 指人或物,作主语或宾语(不可省略) | The person that called me is my friend. |
| when | 表时间,作状语 | I still remember the day when we first met. |
| where | 表地点,作状语 | This is the house where I was born. |
| why | 表原因,作状语 | That’s the reason why he left early. |
三、定语从句的分类
1. 限制性定语从句:不加逗号,对先行词起限定作用,不能省略。
- 例:The man who is standing there is a doctor.
2. 非限制性定语从句:加逗号,对先行词进行补充说明,可省略。
- 例:My brother, who lives in Beijing, is coming to visit me.
四、常见错误与注意事项
| 错误类型 | 正确用法 | 说明 |
| 误用“that”代替“which” | 在非限制性定语从句中不能用“that” | The book, which I borrowed from the library, is very useful. |
✅ The man whom I saw yesterday is my neighbor.
✅ The girl whom you met is my friend.
五、小结
| 内容 | 说明 |
| 定义 | 修饰名词或代词的从句 |
| 引导词 | 关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that)或关系副词(when, where, why) |
| 分类 | 限制性 / 非限制性 |
| 常见错误 | 关系词使用不当、忽略关系词、混淆“who”和“whom” |
通过以上内容的学习,我们可以更好地掌握定语从句的用法,提高英语表达的准确性和逻辑性。建议多做相关练习题,巩固知识点,避免常见错误。


